Articles:

  1.  McCulloh RJ, Kerns E, Flores R, Cane R, El Feghaly RE, Marin JR, Markham JL, Newland JG, Wang ME, Garber M. A National Quality Improvement Collaborative to Improve Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Infections. Pediatrics. 2024 May 1;153(5):e2023062246. doi: 10.1542/peds.2023-062246. PMID: 38682258.

  2. Jiang LY, Liu XC, Nejatian NP, Nasir-Moin M, Wang D, Abidin A, Eaton K, Riina HA, Laufer I, Punjabi P, Miceli M, Kim NC, Orillac C, Schnurman Z, Livia C, Weiss H, Kurland D, Neifert S, Dastagirzada Y, Kondziolka D, Cheung ATM, Yang G, Cao M, Flores M, Costa AB, Aphinyanaphongs Y, Cho K, Oermann EK. Health system-scale language models are all-purpose prediction engines. Nature. 2023 Jul;619(7969):357-362. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06160-y. Epub 2023 Jun 7. PMID: 37286606; PMCID: PMC10338337.

  3. Vazouras K, Jackson C, Folgori L, Anastasiou-Katsiardani A, Hsia Y, Basmaci R. Quality indicators for appropriate antibiotic prescribing in urinary tract infections in children. BMC Infect Dis. 2023 Jun 12;23(1):400. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08356-z. PMID: 37308821; PMCID: PMC10262505.

  4. Seheult JN, Stram MN, Contis L, Pontzer RE, Hardy S, Wertz W, Baxter CM, Ondras M, Kip PL, Snyder GM, Pasculle AW. Development, Evaluation, and Multisite Deployment of a Machine Learning Decision Tree Algorithm To Optimize Urinalysis Parameters for Predicting Urine Culture Positivity. J Clin Microbiol. 2023 Jun 20;61(6):e0029123. doi: 10.1128/jcm.00291-23. Epub 2023 May 25. PMID: 37227272; PMCID: PMC10281150.

  5. Penney JA, Rodday AM, Sebastiani P, Snydman DR, Doron S. Effecting the culture: Impact of changing urinalysis with reflex to culture criteria on culture rates and outcomes. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2023 Feb;44(2):210-215. doi: 10.1017/ice.2022.178. Epub 2022 Aug 4. PMID: 35924370.

  6. Advani SD, Turner NA, Schmader KE, Wrenn RH, Moehring RW, Polage CR, Vaughn VM, Anderson DJ. Optimizing reflex urine cultures: Using a population-specific approach to diagnostic stewardship. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2023 Feb;44(2):206-209. doi: 10.1017/ice.2022.315. Epub 2023 Jan 10. PMID: 36625063; PMCID: PMC9931665.

  7. Zhu C, Wang DQ, Zi H, Huang Q, Gu JM, Li LY, Guo XP, Li F, Fang C, Li XD, Zeng XT. Epidemiological trends of urinary tract infections, urolithiasis and benign prostatic hyperplasia in 203 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Mil Med Res. 2021 Dec 9;8(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s40779-021-00359-8. PMID: 34879880; PMCID: PMC8656041.

  8. Alhabeeb H, Baradwan S, Kord-Varkaneh H, Tan SC, Low TY, Alomar O, Salem H, Al-Badawi IA, Abu-Zaid A. Association between body mass index and urinary tract infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies. Eat Weight Disord. 2021 Oct;26(7):2117-2125. doi: 10.1007/s40519-020-01101-4. Epub 2021 Jan 9. PMID: 33423153.

  9. Riley RD, Debray TPA, Collins GS, Archer L, Ensor J, van Smeden M, Snell KIE. Minimum sample size for external validation of a clinical prediction model with a binary outcome. Stat Med. 2021 Aug 30;40(19):4230-4251. doi: 10.1002/sim.9025. Epub 2021 May 24. PMID: 34031906.

  10. Advani SD, Polage CR, Fakih MG. Deconstructing the urinalysis: A novel approach to diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2021;1(1):e6. doi: 10.1017/ash.2021.167. Epub 2021 Jun 28. PMID: 34604864; PMCID: PMC8486290.

  11. Chardavoyne PC, Kasmire KE. Appropriateness of Antibiotic Prescriptions for Urinary Tract Infections. West J Emerg Med. 2020 Apr 13;21(3):633-639. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.1.45944. PMID: 32421512; PMCID: PMC7234695.

  12. Burton RJ, Albur M, Eberl M, Cuff SM. Using artificial intelligence to reduce diagnostic workload without compromising detection of urinary tract infections. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2019 Aug 23;19(1):171. doi: 10.1186/s12911-019-0878-9. PMID: 31443706; PMCID: PMC6708133.

  13. Advanced Analytics Group of Pediatric Urology and ORC Personalized Medicine Group. Targeted Workup after Initial Febrile Urinary Tract Infection: Using a Novel Machine Learning Model to Identify Children Most Likely to Benefit from Voiding Cystourethrogram. J Urol. 2019 Jul;202(1):144-152. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000000186. Epub 2019 Jun 7. PMID: 30810465; PMCID: PMC7373365.

  14. Ozkan IA, Koklu M, Sert IU. Diagnosis of urinary tract infection based on artificial intelligence methods. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2018 Nov;166:51-59. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.10.007. Epub 2018 Oct 2. PMID: 30415718.

  15. Taylor RA, Moore CL, Cheung KH, Brandt C. Predicting urinary tract infections in the emergency department with machine learning. PLoS One. 2018 Mar 7;13(3):e0194085. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194085. PMID: 29513742; PMCID: PMC5841824.

  16. Hardin AP, Hackell JM; COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE AND AMBULATORY MEDICINE. Age Limit of Pediatrics. Pediatrics. 2017 Sep;140(3):e20172151. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-2151. Epub 2017 Aug 21. PMID: 28827380.

  17. Simmering JE, Tang F, Cavanaugh JE, Polgreen LA, Polgreen PM. The Increase in Hospitalizations for Urinary Tract Infections and the Associated Costs in the United States, 1998-2011. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017 Feb 24;4(1):ofw281. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofw281. PMID: 28480273; PMCID: PMC5414046.

  18. Obolski U, Dellus-Gur E, Stein GY, Hadany L. Antibiotic cross-resistance in the lab and resistance co-occurrence in the clinic: Discrepancies and implications in E.coli. Infect Genet Evol. 2016 Jun;40:155-161. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.017. Epub 2016 Feb 13. PMID: 26883379.

  19. Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015 May;13(5):269-84. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3432. Epub 2015 Apr 8. PMID: 25853778; PMCID: PMC4457377.

  20. Munck C, Gumpert HK, Wallin AI, Wang HH, Sommer MO. Prediction of resistance development against drug combinations by collateral responses to component drugs. Sci Transl Med. 2014 Nov 12;6(262):262ra156. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009940. PMID: 25391482; PMCID: PMC4503331.

  21. Waseem M, Chen J, Paudel G, Sharma N, Castillo M, Ain Y, Leber M. Can a simple urinalysis predict the causative agent and the antibiotic sensitivities? Pediatr Emerg Care. 2014 Apr;30(4):244-7. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000105. PMID: 24651215; PMCID: PMC4357576.

  22. Imamovic L, Sommer MO. Use of collateral sensitivity networks to design drug cycling protocols that avoid resistance development. Sci Transl Med. 2013 Sep 25;5(204):204ra132. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006609. PMID: 24068739.

  23. Ludwig A, Berthiaume P, Boerlin P, Gow S, Léger D, Lewis FI. Identifying associations in Escherichia coli antimicrobial resistance patterns using additive Bayesian networks. Prev Vet Med. 2013 May 15;110(1):64-75. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.02.005. Epub 2013 Feb 26. PMID: 23484804.

  24. Froom P, Barak M. Cessation of dipstick urinalysis reflex testing and physician ordering behavior. Am J Clin Pathol. 2012 Mar;137(3):486-9. doi: 10.1309/AJCPLJFSS62YBAWN. PMID: 22338063.

  25. Davies J, Davies D. Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2010 Sep;74(3):417-33. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00016-10. PMID: 20805405; PMCID: PMC2937522.

  26. Heckerling PS, Canaris GJ, Flach SD, Tape TG, Wigton RS, Gerber BS. Predictors of urinary tract infection based on artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms. Int J Med Inform. 2007 Apr;76(4):289-96. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2006.01.005. Epub 2006 Feb 15. PMID: 16469531.

  27. Devillé WL, Yzermans JC, van Duijn NP, Bezemer PD, van der Windt DA, Bouter LM. The urine dipstick test useful to rule out infections. A meta-analysis of the accuracy. BMC Urol. 2004 Jun 2;4:4. doi: 10.1186/1471-2490-4-4. PMID: 15175113; PMCID: PMC434513.

  28. Kahlmeter G, Menday P. Cross-resistance and associated resistance in 2478 Escherichia coli isolates from the Pan-European ECO.SENS Project surveying the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens from uncomplicated urinary tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003 Jul;52(1):128-31. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkg280. Epub 2003 Jun 12. PMID: 12805266.

  29. 75 - Utility of Procalcitonin to Evaluate Bacterial Infection in Febrile Infants Ages 8-60 Days

  30. External Validation of a Commercial Acute Kidney Injury Predictive Model

  31. Antimicrobial Use and Resistance (AUR) Module